High-Performance Octagonal Multiband Microstrip Antenna with DGS for 5G Networks and IoT Integration

Abstract

The work presented in this paper incorporates the Defective Ground Structure (DGS) technique with multiple octagonal microstrip patches for high-frequency applications such as 5G and related spectrum bands such X, Ku, K, Ka etc. With dimensions of 28x32 mm and height 1.57 mm, the antenna is designed on an dielectric material named RT Duroid 5880, known for low dielectric constant of 2.2 and minimal loss, ensuring optimal performance at higher frequencies. The DGS method, implemented by introducing specific patterns into the ground plane, significantly enhances the bandwidth and impedance characteristics of the antenna reducing interference between the patches. The unique octagonal patch design helped to enhance the radiation pattern and overall gain terms of return loss and impedance matching. Through parametric analysis, it is observed that at approx 30GHz, the antenna exhibited a return loss below -10 dB and an excellent Standing Wave Ratio of 1.19, indicating good impedance matching. Furthermore, the antenna has peak gain of 23.69 dB, which is favorable for high-frequency communication applications. Thus the optimized structure, combining DGS enhancements with multiple octagonal patches, offers potential for use in 5G and other high frequency wireless applications.