The African Journal of Biomedical Research (AJBR) is a leading peer‑reviewed, open‑access journal dedicated to publishing high‑quality research in biomedical sciences, allied health sciences, and interdisciplinary medical fields. Founded in 1998 as a collaborative initiative between Laytal Communications and academic professionals in Nigeria, AJBR was established to provide a credible platform for African researchers and to promote the global dissemination of scientific knowledge. Currently managed by Biomedical Journal Consult, Ibadan, the journal has grown into a trusted outlet for innovative and impactful biomedical research. In 2023, AJBR entered into a strategic partnership with A.R.C. Publication Services L.L.C., a globally recognized publishing organization, to strengthen its international visibility, editorial quality, and digital infrastructure. This transition, expected to be fully realized in 2024, marks a significant step towards expanding the journal’s reach and influence. Scope of the Journal AJBR publishes a wide range of scholarly contributions, including: Original research articles Comprehensive reviews and mini‑reviews Short communications and rapid reports Updates on conferences, workshops, and scientific meetings Key subject areas include: Public health Pharmacology, toxicology, and pharmaceutics Clinical medicine and internal medicine Physiology and biochemistry Cell biology, biotechnology, and applied microbiology Related disciplines within the physical and medical sciences Our Commitment AJBR is guided by principles of academic integrity, ethical publishing, and rigorous peer review. The journal actively supports early‑career researchers, encourages submissions from across Africa and the global scientific community, and works to bridge research gaps in developing countries. With over 25 years of publishing excellence, the African Journal of Biomedical Research remains committed to advancing biomedical knowledge, fostering international collaboration, and promoting open access to high‑impact scientific content.
A.R.C Publishing of Books and Other Publication Services L.L.C.
The Future of Nuclear Physics: Advances in Controlled Fusion for Sustainable Energy
Nuclear fusion has become one of the main research directions in the search of the sustainable and high-efficiency energy options. In contrast to other fission, fusion is characterized by rich fuel supply, low radioactive wastes, and high energy concentration. Continued progress in the area of plasma confinement technology, superconducting materials, and computer modeling has made controlled fusion an eventual reality. The paper has examined the different technological developments and scientific innovations that have been behind the development of nuclear fusion as a potential source of energy in the future. An analysis and description review was thorough and incorporated the results of similar fusion developments around the world, including International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER), Soonest/Smallest Private-Funded Affordable Robust Compact (SPARC) and National Ignition Facility (NIF). Peer-reviewed journals, technical report and experimental databases were used as the sources of data. It has analyzed magnetic and inertial confinement systems, stability of the plasma, and how advanced materials are being used in improving the performance of the reactor. The correlations between the experimental and theoretical parameters were correlated by using computational modeling and statistical validation. Findings indicated that there was great improvement in both confinement techniques. Magnetic systems had a higher plasma stability and a longer confinement time and the inertial systems had a better compression symmetry and near- ignition conditions. Some of these materials such as tungsten, Reduced Activation Ferritic-Martensitic (RAFM) steels, Yttrium Barium Copper Oxide (YBCO) superconductors, among others, enhanced the efficiency and longevity of the reactor, bringing fusion to the brink of commercial viability. The results proved that controlled nuclear fusion has passed the stage of theoretical research to the technical feasibility. Fusion energy is going to be a pillar of carbon-neutral and renewable power generation by the global community, material innovation and optimization via computers.
Nuclear fusion, plasma confinement, superconducting materials, inertial confinement, sustainable energy.
Copyright (c) 2024 Dr. Dipak Ashok Zope (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Effect Of Blended Language Learning On Academic Performance, Achievement Motivation, And Self-Efficacy Of Secondary School Students In Ferozepur District, Punjab
This study investigated the effect of blended language learning on academic performance, achievement motivation, and self-efficacy among secondary school students in Ferozepur District, Punjab. Employing a quasi-experimental research design with pre-test and post-test methodology, the study compared outcomes between students receiving blended instruction (combining face-to-face teaching with online learning activities) and those receiving traditional instruction. The sample comprised 100 Class X students (50 boys- 25 rural & 25 urban and 50 girls- 25 rural & 25 urban) selected through multi-stage sampling from comparable schools, with 50 students assigned to the experimental group (blended learning) and 50 to the control group (traditional learning). Data were collected using three standardized instruments: an Achievement Test in English (developed by the investigator), Achievement Motivation Scale by Sharma (2014), and Self-Efficacy Scale by Singh and Narain (2014). The intervention consisted of 15 lessons taught for 35 working days, with each session lasting 35-40 minutes. Data analysis employed independent samples t-tests for comparing experimental and control groups, and Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) for examining gender and locale differences. Findings revealed that blended learning significantly outperformed traditional instruction across all three outcome variables, with students in the experimental group demonstrating substantially higher gains in academic performance, achievement motivation, and self-efficacy. Gender analysis indicated that female students achieved significantly higher gains in academic performance and achievement motivation compared to male students, while self-efficacy development remained equivalent across genders. Locale-based analysis revealed significant differences in academic achievement favoring one geographic context, though achievement motivation and self-efficacy gains were statistically equivalent between rural and urban students. The study concludes that blended learning represents a highly effective pedagogical approach for enhancing cognitive and affective outcomes in language education, though attention must be given to gender-responsive implementation and addressing rural-urban infrastructure disparities to ensure equitable benefits across diverse student populations.
Blended learning, academic achievement, achievement motivation, self-efficacy, secondary education
Copyright (c) 2024 Parvinder Singh, Dr. Kuldip Kaur Grewal (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Role of Pyridine and Pyrimidine-Based Kinase Inhibitors in Cancer Treatment: Selectivity, Resistance, and Next-Generation Designs
Pridine and pyrimidine scaffolds are important heterocyclic compounds; considerable attention is being paid to the development of anticancer drugs due to their utility as the foundational building blocks of DNA and RNA. Derivatives of pyridine are well established for their profound pharmacokinetic profiles, such as satisfactory solubility and metabolic stability, along with having demonstrably potent activity against important cancer targets like EGFR and VEGFR-2. Beyond their potential anticancer activity, a number of pyridine-based therapeutics offer diverse pharmacology, such as vasodilation and other relevant activities, broadening the scope of their therapeutic utility. The fused and standalone systems of pyrimidine derivatives have demonstrated impressive cytotoxic activity and interact with key molecular targets, primarily kinase enzymes, such as EGFR and VEGFR-2, which continue to be the focus of extensive investigation. This review, which includes the results from 2009 to 2025, synthesizes synthetic strategies. Compounds exhibiting kinase inhibition, DNA-binding affinity, and apoptosis induction are discussed, with emphasis on molecular docking insights and cytotoxic profiles across multiple cell lines. A comparative evaluation of their pharmacokinetic properties, scaffold advantages, and dual-inhibition strategies is also conducted. The review also outlines future directions for optimizing scaffolds, validating their mechanisms, and exploring their translational potential in oncology.
Pyridine-Pyrimidine, Kinase & EGFR inhibition, VEGFR-2 targeting, Anticancer agents, SAR, Drug Resistance
Copyright (c) 2024 Sheetal Sharma, Dr. Nitin Mittal (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
From Oceans to Forests: Challenges and Progress in Achieving Sustainable Development Goals 14 & 15
This review analyses the challenges and developments related to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) 14- Life Below Water and SDG 15- Life on Land, which deal with sustainable management and conservation of the marine and terrestrial ecosystems. The synthesis methodology of the study is a qualitative one, utilising secondary data through the use of the world organisations such as the United Nations, FAO, IPCC, and CBD. The discussion indicates that the two ecosystems are experiencing intense stress based on overexploitation, pollution, climate change and destruction of habitats. There is an increasing pressure on marine systems through acidification of oceans, overfishing and coral reefs, and on terrestrial systems through deforestation, land degradation, and biodiversity loss. Despite the visible positive results of the ideas of Marine Protected Areas (MPAs), REDD+ programmes, and reforestation efforts, their effects are still not significant based on the uneven governance and insufficient funding. The review recognises the interdependence between the land and sea ecosystems in terms of nutrient cycles and ecological interactions, and how all-inclusive management is the key to global sustainability. There is a need to bridge the gaps that have been established, and this can only be done through strengthening policy coordination, advanced innovation, as well as the involvement of the community. The paper concludes that the way forward on these goals is to have a unified ecosystem-based governance to ensure the protection of biodiversity and also be more robust in the context of the 2030 Agenda of Sustainable Development.
Sustainable Development Goals, biodiversity conservation, ecosystem-based management, marine and terrestrial ecosystems, environmental governance
Copyright (c) 2024 Dr. Pratik Anil Kamble (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Comparison between Paediatric Respiratory Assessment Measure (PRAM) and Modified Pulmonary Index Score (MPIS) to Assess Acute Asthma Exacerbation in 2-17 years paediatric Age Group - A Prospective Study
Objective assessment of asthma severity in children is conventionally performed using spirometry. However, many children, particularly those under six years of age, are unable to reliably perform spirometry during acute exacerbations or in emergency settings. Assessing severity in this population is further complicated by variations in age and developmental stage. Consequently, several clinical scoring systems have been developed to estimate disease severity objectively. Among these, the Paediatric Respiratory Assessment Measure (PRAM) and the Modified Pulmonary Index Score (MPIS) have demonstrated good concurrent validity and responsiveness in predicting asthma severity. A comparative evaluation of these two tools may help identify the more reliable scoring system for assessing acute exacerbations in children. The objectives of this study were to compare the PRAM and MPIS scoring systems in assessing the severity of acute asthma exacerbations in children aged 2–17 years, and to evaluate their predictive utility for hospitalization and thus timely initiation of therapy. Methods: This was a prospective observational study conducted on 70 children aged 2–17 years admitted to the PICU with acute exacerbation of asthma. Each child was assessed using the Paediatric Respiratory Assessment Measure (PRAM) and the Modified Pulmonary Index Score (MPIS) at admission (0 hours) and at 6, 24, and 48 hours. The cumulative PRAM and MPIS scores were compared individually with the Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) 2020 guidelines. Evaluation and management of all patients were carried out in accordance with GINA 2020 recommendations. Results: The Modified Pulmonary Index Score (MPIS) demonstrated a sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and overall accuracy of 100%, indicating excellent diagnostic performance. In comparison, the Paediatric Respiratory Assessment Measure (PRAM) showed a sensitivity of 69.5%, specificity of 90.9%, PPV of 97.6%, NPV of 35.7%, and accuracy of 72.9%. A statistically significant reduction in MPIS scores was observed at 0, 6, and 24 hours, while PRAM showed significance only at 6 hours (p < 0.001). MPIS also showed a stronger correlation with the duration of hospital stay (p-value = 0.01). Conclusion: MPIS demonstrated superior predictive validity and greater accuracy than PRAM in assessing disease severity and predicting duration of hospitalization among children with acute exacerbation of asthma.
MPIS: Modified pulmonary index score; PRAM: Paediatric respiratory assessment measure; GINA: Global initiative of asthma.
Copyright (c) 2024 Dr. Ravikumar A.M, Dr.Jyotirmanju C.S, Dr Nancy Jeniffer V, Dr.Somashekar Ars (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
AI-Driven Management Strategies for Healthcare and Biomedical Innovation Ecosystems- A Short Conceptual Review
The convergence of synthetic intelligence (AI) and biomedical research is reshaping worldwide healthcare economies and innovation management paradigms. This look at explores how AI-primarily based control techniques decorate efficiency, choice-making, and sustainability within biomedical innovation ecosystems. Drawing upon case studies from pharmaceutical improvement, ophthalmic genetics, and precision medication, the paper evaluates AI’s impact on research productiveness, medical translation timelines, and monetary scalability. Using a mixed-technique analytical framework, we determine how AI-pushed tools—inclusive of predictive analytics, digital twins, and information graphs—enable useful resource optimization, accelerate innovation cycles, and reduce operational charges. The study highlights the transition from linear R&D models to adaptive innovation networks powered via information intelligence. Furthermore, it discusses governance frameworks, ethical demanding situations, and investment tendencies shaping AI integration in biomedical management structures. Findings indicate that AI-led strategies not handiest boom translational fulfilment charges however also foster collaborative price chains among academia, enterprise, and policymakers. The study proposes an included AI-Management Model (AIMM) emphasizing digital understanding infrastructure, human–gadget collaboration, and information-centric coverage design. This version offers actionable insights for institutional leaders and economic planners aiming to construct resilient, innovation-driven healthcare economies in the generation of intelligent automation.
Artificial Intelligence, Biomedical Innovation, Healthcare Management, Digital Economy, Innovation Ecosystems, Policy Frameworks
Copyright (c) 2025 G. Neethirajan, S. Mahendran (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Importance Of Poaceae (Gramineae) Family In The Treatment Of Haemorrhagic Disorder.
There are many member of plant kingdom in this world have some unique medicinal properties. Poacaea family a perennial weedy grass has a prime position in ethno medicinal practices and traditional systems of medicine. The plant is rich in various metabolites such as proteins, carbohydrates, few vitamins, mineral, flavanoids, β-sitosterol, alkaloids, tri-terpenoides, glycosides, steroids, saponins, tannins, resins, phytosterols, reducing sugars, volatile oils and fixed oils. The plant shows different biological activities such as antimicrobial, antiviral, wound healing, central nervous, cardiovascular, antidiabetic, gastrointestinal, antioxidant, immunological, anti allergic, anti inflammatory, antipyretic, analgesic, anticancer, antimicrobial, dysentery, epilepsy, headache, hemorrhage, hypertension, hysteria, measles, rubella, snakebite, sores, stones, tumors, urogenital disorders and warts, anti parasitic, diuretic, protective properties. The plant is also used to treat various maladies such as cancer, haemorrhatic disorder, anasarca, convulsions, cough, cramps, stiffness, diarrhea, dropsy. This review attempts to gather updated information about pharmacological characters, impirical uses, and chemical constituents of this family.
Copyright (c) 2024 Dr Birendra Kumar Mishra, Dr. Mohit Sharma (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Effects Of Exercise Management On Women With Adhesive Capsulitis After Acr Intervention
Background: Adhesive capsulitis (AC), commonly known as frozen shoulder, is a debilitating condition characterized by progressive pain, stiffness, and restricted shoulder mobility, significantly affecting functional independence. Arthroscopic Capsular Release (ACR) intervention is an effective surgical procedure for severe cases; however, post-surgical recovery largely depends on structured exercise rehabilitation. This study aims to evaluate the effects of exercise management on post-ACR recovery in women with adhesive capsulitis by comparing functional and clinical outcomes between an Intervention Group (structured exercise management) and a Control Group (standard post-surgical care). Methods: A quasi-experimental pretest-posttest study design was used, involving 68 women (34 in each group) aged 40–60 years diagnosed with adhesive capsulitis post-ACR intervention. The Intervention Group followed a structured rehabilitation program including passive stretching, active-assisted ROM exercises, strengthening exercises, proprioceptive training, and progressive resistance training for 4 weeks. The Control Group received only standard post-surgical care. Outcomes were measured using Range of Motion (ROM) via goniometer, Pain Levels (NPRS), Functional Independence (DASH Score), and Muscle Strength (MMT Score). Statistical analysis included paired t-tests and independent t-tests, with significance set at p<0.05. Results: The Intervention Group demonstrated significant improvements (P<0.001) across all outcome measures compared to the Control Group. ROM improvements were greater in the Intervention Group (Flexion: 77.53° vs. 57.91°; Abduction: 92.18° vs. 73.71°). Pain reduction was more pronounced (NPRS: 3.50 vs. 6.50), functional disability decreased significantly (DASH Score: 33.65 vs. 57.24), and muscle strength increased (MMT: 3.41 vs. 2.50). In contrast, the Control Group showed only minimal improvements, with some parameters not reaching statistical significance (P>0.05). Conclusion: Structured exercise management following ACR intervention is highly effective in improving shoulder mobility, reducing pain, enhancing functional recovery, and increasing muscle strength in women with adhesive capsulitis. Passive recovery alone is insufficient for optimal outcomes, highlighting the critical need for rehabilitation programs as a standard component of post-surgical care. These findings reinforce the importance of early, progressive, and targeted rehabilitation in post-ACR recovery protocols.
Adhesive Capsulitis, Frozen Shoulder, Arthroscopic Capsular Release, Range of Motion, Rehabilitation, Numeric Pain Rating Scale, Disabilities of the Arm Shoulder and Hand, Exercise Management, Manual Muscle Testing, Functional Recovery.
Copyright (c) 2025 Akshay Singhal, Dr. Monika Sharma (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Efficacy Of Core Muscle Stabilization on Recruitment Order Lumbar Mobility and Stability in Healthy Subjects with Altered Recruitment of Transverse Abdominis Muscles
Background: The transversus abdominis (TrA) plays a vital role in spinal stability and functional movement. Altered recruitment of this muscle, even in healthy individuals, can compromise lumbar mobility and stability, potentially predisposing them to low back dysfunction. Core stabilization exercises have been shown to enhance deep muscle control, but limited evidence exists in healthy populations with altered TrA activation. Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of core muscle stabilization training on recruitment order, lumbar mobility, and lumbar stability in healthy young adults with altered TrA activation. Methods: Thirty-six participants meeting the inclusion criteria were randomly allocated into an experimental group (n = 18), which received a four-week supervised core stabilization program, and a control group (n = 18), which continued routine activities. Recruitment order of TrA was measured using a Pressure Biofeedback Unit, lumbar mobility with the Modified Schober’s Test, and lumbar stability with plank endurance time. Assessments were performed at baseline and after four weeks. At baseline, both groups were comparable (p > 0.05). Post-intervention, the experimental group demonstrated significant improvements in recruitment order (11.92 ± 1.49 vs 7.84 ± 1.61 mmHg), lumbar mobility (6.17 ± 0.59 vs 4.42 ± 0.70 cm), and lumbar stability (66.14 ± 12.09 vs 41.41 ± 10.34 s) compared to the control group, with all differences highly significant (p < 0.001). Within-group analyses confirmed significant gains in both groups, though the experimental group achieved markedly greater improvements. Conclusion: Core stabilization training effectively enhanced TrA recruitment, lumbar mobility, and spinal stability in healthy young adults with altered muscle activation. These findings highlight the value of core exercises not only in rehabilitation but also as a preventive and performance-enhancing strategy to promote long-term spinal health.
Core stabilization, transversus abdominis, recruitment order, lumbar mobility, lumbar stability.
Copyright (c) 2025 Kanika Kaushik, Dr Huma Zahoor Ahmed Siddiqui, Dr. Monika Sharma (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Nanoconjugated vancomycin ameliorates Staphylococcus aureus infection induced cellular pathogenesis: an in vitro approach
Staphylococcus aureus, the majority recurrently isolated microorganism, is responsible for bloodstream infections, skin and soft tissue infections and pneumonia. S. aureus infection causes cellular oxidative stress in host. Macrophage is an important immunological cell. Generally, for carrying out normal cellular functions, the immunological cells use reactive oxygen species (ROS); but an excess amount of ROS can destroy the cellular components that lead to cell damage or dealth. The present study was aimed to focus on the in vitro protective role of nanoconjugated vancomycin against S. aureus infection-induced cellular oxidative stress and DNA damage. VSSA and VRSA infection was developed in murine peritoneal macrophages by the treatment of 100ml of bacterial suspension containing 5×106 CFU/ml for 3hr. Vancomycin and Nanoconjugated vancomycin was treated to VSSA and VRSA infected macrophages. The result of this study reveals that in vitro VSSA and VRSA infection significantly increases the level of superoxide anion and nitrite generation, NADPH and myeloperoxidase activity, lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation, oxidized glutathione level, DNA fragmentation, and decreases the level of reduced glutathione, antioxidant enzyme status, glutathione dependent enzymes as compared to control group; which were increased or decreased significantly near to usual in murine peritoneal macrophages of nanoconjugated vancomycin treated group. These finding suggests the potential protective role of nanoconjugated vancomycin against VSSA and VRSA infection induced cellular oxidative stress and DNA damage.
Staphylococcus aureus, peritoneal macrophage, oxidative stress, antioxidant enzyme, nanoconjugated vancomycin
Copyright (c) 2024 Dr. Subhankari Prasad Chakraborty (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Fostering Environmental Responsibility: HRM's Role in Green Banking Initiatives
Sustainability is now at the forefront of organisational agendas, especially in the financial sector, due to the increasing urgency with which climate change and environmental degradation must be addressed. Green human resource management, or GHRM, has become a key tactic for encouraging ecologically conscious business practices. The study, "Fostering Environmental Responsibility: HRM's Role in Green Banking Initiatives in India," explores the ways in which GHRM practices support sustainability in the Indian banking industry, particularly in the country's public and private banks. The three main goals of the study are to: (1) evaluate the HRM strategies used in green banking to advance sustainability; (2) assess how these strategies affect employee involvement and engagement in green banking initiatives; and (3) look into the relationship between green HRM strategies and the success of green banking initiatives. Through personal outreach and the distribution of structured surveys via Google Forms, information was gathered from 200 banking experts. A variety of banking staff members were surveyed using a non-probability sample technique that combined convenience and snowball sampling to get their opinions. The results show that good green banking outcomes are strongly and favourably correlated with green recruitment and selection as well as green documentation. These findings highlight how crucial it is to incorporate environmental values from the very beginning of the employee lifetime and to uphold responsibility and transparency through organised documentation procedures. The requirement for comprehensive organisational support and efficient implementation frameworks is shown by the indirect influence of eco-friendly policies and green training, even though their direct effects were not statistically significant. Additionally, the study finds a strong link between employees' active participation in green banking operations and their awareness of green practices. This demonstrates how important communication and awareness-raising campaigns are in developing a workforce that is dedicated to environmental responsibility. It's interesting to note that the gender-based research shows no discernible disparities in attitudes, indicating that green HRM practices are being spread equally and inclusively across genders. The study concludes by urging a thorough, inclusive, and strategic approach to GHRM and highlighting its critical role in ensuring the success of green banking projects. In addition to providing useful information for HR and policy leaders in fostering ecologically conscious banking cultures, the study adds to the expanding corpus of research on sustainable banking.
Green Human Resource Management (GHRM), Green Banking, Sustainability, Employee Engagement, Environmental Responsibility, Recruitment, Documentation, India, Banking Sector.
Copyright (c) 2024 Arvind Kumar Shukla, Saurabh Kumar, Aradhna, Monish Kumar (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Beyond The Body: Menstruation, Purity And Dharmasastra
Menstruation in many societies is more than a biological process. There are regulations and beliefs related to menstruation across culture. The beliefs about menstruation are a part of female socialization in society. The social functions of menstrual taboos are varied in different cultures. Menstruation is viewed as a means to subordinate women, some cultures gave women access to gender exclusive ritual powers and women were given both containing and enhancing power by certain societies. This paper is an attempt to examine menstruation through the lens of Dharmasastras and argue that menstruation more than a biological process is considered as impure and sign of threat to patriarchal domination.
Menstruation, Taboo, Patriarchy, Culture, Gender- Exclusive Ritual.
Copyright (c) 2023 Dr. Sreeparvathi.D (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Evaluation of Trace Elements and Antioxidant Vitamins Effect following Palm Oil Supplemented Diet on Plasmodium berghei Infected Mice.
Malaria infection induces a cascade of secondary pathological events, among which oxidative stress and inflammation are interconnected. This interaction often exacerbates tissue damage and significantly contributes to disease progression. Given the reported antioxidant property of red palm oil, this study evaluated the therapeutic potential of a red palm oil supplemented diet in mitigating oxidative stress in a murine model of plasmodium berghei infection concurrently administered with standard anti-malaria drugs. Mice weighing 19 ± 2.5g were distributed into seven groups of fifteen (15) animals each for this study. The mice were infected with NK65 Plasmodium berghei strain. The individual effects of red palm oil supplemented diet and of anti-malaria drugs (amodiaquine (AMQ), and Chloroquine (CQ) along with their contributory effects were evaluated. The mice were fed with standard rat chow with 15% v/w red palm oil. The trace elements Selenium (Se), Copper (Cu), Zinc (Zn) and Vitamins A, C and E with its fractions were also determined spectrophotometrically. The studies revealed that trace elements such as Se, Zn, Fe and Cu showed no significant difference between the control and the test groups. Vitamin A showed a statistically significant difference in all test groups compared to the control. Palm oil supplemented diet provided more vitamin A in circulation except group F where the anti-malaria chloroquine reduces the availability of vitamin A in circulation. Palm oil supplemented diet also increased the availability of vitamin C in circulation while chloroquine increased the vitamin level higher in control. Vitamin E levels were markedly increased in the test group compared to the control. Total β-and γ-tocopherol levels were increased significantly except for γ-tocopherol where the level remained increased even with chloroquine treatment. Levels of total tocotrienol, β-and γ-tocotrienol increased significantly except for the group receiving chloroquine treatment. The results obtained have not necessarily shown that red palm oil modulated trace elements during oxidative stress but showed increased availability of antioxidant vitamins in circulation.
Copyright (c) 2025 Franklin Folasele Akinola, Olusegun Kayode Afolabi, Oluwafemi Omoniyi Oguntibeju. (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
A Study on the Loan Funding Process for Microfinance Customers in the South Region of Ethiopia
This study explores the loan funding process for microfinance customers in the Southern region of Ethiopia, focusing on borrower experiences and satisfaction. Employing a descriptive research design with a quantitative approach, the research aims to provide an accurate portrayal of the loan process from the borrower’s perspective. Stratified random sampling was used to ensure proportional representation of borrowers across these institutions. Data was collected through questionnaires and analysis was conducted using percentage values. The findings reveal that borrowers generally perceive the loan funding process as efficient, with timely access to funds and clear communication of loan terms. The study also identifies the importance of minimal bureaucratic barriers, effective risk assessments, and flexible repayment options in enhancing borrower satisfaction. However, areas for improvement were also highlighted. Strengthening monitoring and evaluation systems, expanding feedback mechanisms, and offering greater loan flexibility could further improve the experience. Recommendations include enhancing financial literacy programs and increasing the flexibility of loan terms to reduce defaults.
Borrowers, Loan, Micro finance, Satisfaction, Customers, Ethiopia
Copyright (c) 2024 Fikru Etana Gudeta, Dr. Mayur Rao (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Development of Novel Nanocomposite by using Biochar of bagasse and Poly(1,4-phenylene-furfural) for removal of heavy metal ions from electroplating industrial effluents
Nanotechnology has given the opportunity to scientists for developing novel nanocomposites in the field of pharmaceutical, environment chemistry, agriculture, electronics and other field. The present communication deals with the study of Nanocomposite based Biochar of agricultural waste material like Bagasse, which combined Poly(1,4-phenylene-furfural). It was novel Nanocomposite with 100 to 140 nm size. Such Nanocomposite was used in the treatment of electroplating industrial effluents of various zone of Gujarat to remove heavy metal pollutants. The results suggest that about 80-99% pollutant heavy metals removed through adsorption successfully.
Poly(1,4-phenylene-furfural), Bagasse, Biochar, Nanocomposite, Heavy metal ions, Electroplating industrial, Effluents, and Batch adsorption.
Copyright (c) 2024 Shaileshkumar J. Prajapati, Viralkumar B. Modi (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
An Observational Study to Establish Relationship Between Deha Prakriti and Manas Prakriti
Background: Ayurveda describes Prakriti as the innate constitution of an individual, encompassing physical (Deha Prakriti) and psychological (Manas Prakriti) characteristics. Understanding their interrelation offers insight into personalised health and disease predisposition. Objective: To evaluate the correlation between Deha Prakriti and Manas Prakriti among randomly selected individuals. Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted on 100 participants aged 16–70 years. Assessment was performed using standardised Ayurvedic questionnaires evaluating Sharira Prakriti (based on Tridosha dominance) and Manas Prakriti (based on Triguna predominance). Data were statistically analysed to determine associations between the two. Results: The distribution of Deha Prakriti was: Vata-Kapha (29%), Vata-Pitta (25%), Pitta-Kapha (14%), Kapha-Pitta (13%), Pitta-Vata (10%), and Kapha-Vata (9%). For Manas Prakriti, 57% of subjects were Rajas Pradhan, 28% Sattva Pradhan, and 15% Tamas Pradhan. Pitta-dominant individuals showed predominance of Sattva Guna, Vata-dominant individuals corresponded to Rajas Guna, while Kapha-dominant types exhibited both Tamasika and Sattvika tendencies. Conclusion: The study demonstrates a significant relationship between Deha Prakriti and Manas Prakriti. Recognising this correlation can contribute to individualised approaches in Ayurvedic healthcare, emphasising the holistic integration of body and mind.
Ayurveda, Deha Prakriti, Manas Prakriti, Tridosha, Triguna, Mind–body relationship, Personalised medicine
Copyright (c) 2024 Dr. Priyanka Arya, Dr. Gitanjali Sasmal, Dr. Vinay Bharadwaj (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Evaluating the Effectiveness of Cognitive, Behavioral, and Social Techniques for Enhancing Mental Well-being in IT Professionals
The demanding and high-stress nature of the Information Technology (IT) industry has contributed to increasing levels of stress, burnout, and deteriorating mental health among professionals. This paper evaluates the effectiveness of cognitive, behavioral, and social techniques in enhancing the mental well-being of IT professionals. Cognitive strategies such as mindfulness practices, cognitive reframing, and resilience training aim to improve emotional regulation and coping mechanisms. Behavioral interventions, including structured exercise routines, sleep hygiene education, and digital detox practices, target physical habits that influence psychological health. Social techniques such as peer support networks, mentorship programs, and fostering a collaborative workplace culture focus on enhancing social connectedness and reducing isolation. Drawing on empirical studies, systematic reviews, corporate wellness initiatives, and relevant case studies, the paper provides a comprehensive synthesis of how these strategies impact stress levels, job satisfaction, and overall productivity. The research highlights that integrated approaches—combining cognitive, behavioral, and social elements—tend to be more effective than standalone interventions, owing to their ability to address multiple dimensions of well-being simultaneously. The study further explores key mechanisms driving these outcomes, including self-regulation, habit reinforcement, and the buffering effects of social support. It also identifies persistent barriers such as stigma around mental health, inconsistent adoption of wellness practices, and lack of organizational support. A mixed-methods evaluation framework is proposed to assess the impact of these interventions holistically. Finally, the paper offers practical recommendations emphasizing the need for sustained, organization-wide efforts involving leadership support and measurable outcomes to foster lasting improvements in mental well-being within the IT sector.
Cognitive techniques, Behavioral interventions, Social support, Mental well-being, IT professionals
Copyright (c) 2024 Dr. Avinash Prabhakar Bhavsar, Dr. Vaibhav Khatavkar, Dr. Mrunal Pathak, Dr. Swati Avinash Bhavsar (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The antimicrobial effect of Giloy (Tinospora Cordifolia): A critical review
Background: In Ayurveda, Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.) Miers ex Hook. f. & Thoms., also called Guduchi or Giloy, is a highly valued medicinal plant that is referred to as Amrita for its restorative and disease-preventive properties. Recent studies have demonstrated its strong antibacterial properties in addition to its traditional uses in liver diseases, diabetes, and fever. With a focus on its mechanisms and applicability in the context of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), the objective of this review is to compile traditional references, phytochemical insights, and experimental data on T. cordifolia's antimicrobial activity. Methods: Current PubMed/Scopus-indexed research publications, standard pharmacognosy reference books, and classical Ayurvedic literature were the sources of pertinent information. To clarify the phytoconstituents with antibacterial activity and their mechanisms of action, data were studied. Results: Alkaloids (berberine, magnoflorine), diterpenoid lactones (tinosporaside, columbin), flavonoids, tannins, steroids, and immunomodulatory polysaccharides (G1-4A) are all found in T. cordifolia, according to phytochemical analyses. These substances exhibit direct antibacterial properties, including the disruption of microbial cell walls, suppression of nucleic acid synthesis, and impairment of protein/enzyme function. Giloy also enhances host immunity by boosting T-cell/NK-cell activity, regulating cytokine production, and activating macrophages. When taken as a whole, these activities offer broad-spectrum effectiveness against viruses, fungi, and bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli, and Candida albicans. Conclusion: Tinospora cordifolia demonstrates a special dual antibacterial mechanism that combines immune regulation and pathogen suppression. Giloy is positioned as a promising natural resource in the management of infectious diseases and a possible candidate for innovative medicines against antibiotic resistance due to its integration of traditional wisdom with contemporary pharmacological validation.
Tinospora cordifolia, Giloy, Guduchi, Antimicrobial activity, Immunomodulation, Phytochemistry, Antimicrobial resistance
Copyright (c) 2024 Sinha Dr. Chandreshwar Prasad, Kaser Nitesh kumar, Sinha Dr. Dinesh Kumar, Dadsena Kavita (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Evolutionary clinico-experimental study of Gridhrasi (Sciatica) and its therapeutic management through Vishtinduka vati and Vishnu tail
Background: One of the Vata-Nanatmaja Vyadhis mentioned in Ayurveda, Gridhrasi can be identified by its cardinal symptoms, which range from the kaṭipradesha (lumbar region) to the pada (foot). These symptoms include ruk (pain), stambha (stiffness), toda (pricking pain), supti (numbness), and spandana (twitching). It is characterized by radiating pain, stiffness, and numbness that travels from the hip to the foot and is closely related to sciatica in modern medicine. Vatahara therapy is the primary treatment recommended by Ayurveda. Aim: The purpose of this study is to assess the therapeutic effectiveness of Matra Basti and Vishṭinduka Vati as well as Vishnu Taila in the treatment of Gridhrasi (Sciatica). Material and methods: For 60 days, 30 patients with Gridhrasi received treatment with Vishtinduka Vati (125 mg twice daily) and Matra Basti of Vishnu Taila (50 ml once daily). Using a 0–3 grading scale, the assessment was based on relief in Ruk (pain), Stambha (stiffness), Toda (pricking pain), Supti (numbness), and Spandana (twitching). To evaluate the data, the Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used. Result: The results showed that all of the main symptoms were significantly improved (p < 0.001). Ruk and Stambha experienced the greatest alleviation (78.8% and 72.2%, respectively), followed by Toda (63.1%) and Supti (54.2%). No negative consequences were noted. Conclusion: In summary, the combination of Vishṭinduka Vati and Matra Basti of Vishnu Taila is a safe, cost-effective, and efficient Ayurvedic treatment for Gridhrasi (Sciatica), offering noticeable symptomatic and functional relief.
Gridhrasi, Sciatica, Vishtinduka Vati, Vishnu Taila, Matra Basti, Vatavyadhi
Copyright (c) 2024 Dr. Chandreshwar Prasad Sinha, Dr. Nitesh Kaser, Dr.Dinesh Kumar Sinha, Kavita Dadsena (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Design And Evaluation Of In Situ Gels For Ophthalmic Drug Delivery For Fluroquinolone
The aim of the present work was design and evaluation of in situ gelling system of Gatifloxacin Sesquihydrate. Gatifloxacin Sesquihydrate is an antibacterial agent which exhibits rapid precorneal elimination and poor ocular bioavailability, when given in the form of conventional ophthalmic solutions. To overcome this, an attempt has been made to formulate pH-triggered in situ gelling system of Gatifloxacin Sesquihydrate to provide sustained release of drug based on polymeric carriers that undergo sol-to-gel transition upon change in pH. The Gatifloxacin Sesquihydrate in situ gelling system formulated by using poly acrylic acid (Carbopol 940P) in combination with Hypermellose which acted as viscosity enhancing agent. The developed formulation was stable, non-irritant and provided sustained release over 8-hour period and it is a viable alternative to conventional eye drops.
In situ gel, Hypermellose, Carbopol 940P, pH,gelation, Gatifloxacin Sesquihydrate
Copyright (c) 2024 Vijaya Muthu Manikandar Ramasamy, Deepak Marothia (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
High-Performance Octagonal Multiband Microstrip Antenna with DGS for 5G Networks and IoT Integration
The work presented in this paper incorporates the Defective Ground Structure (DGS) technique with multiple octagonal microstrip patches for high-frequency applications such as 5G and related spectrum bands such X, Ku, K, Ka etc. With dimensions of 28x32 mm and height 1.57 mm, the antenna is designed on an dielectric material named RT Duroid 5880, known for low dielectric constant of 2.2 and minimal loss, ensuring optimal performance at higher frequencies. The DGS method, implemented by introducing specific patterns into the ground plane, significantly enhances the bandwidth and impedance characteristics of the antenna reducing interference between the patches. The unique octagonal patch design helped to enhance the radiation pattern and overall gain terms of return loss and impedance matching. Through parametric analysis, it is observed that at approx 30GHz, the antenna exhibited a return loss below -10 dB and an excellent Standing Wave Ratio of 1.19, indicating good impedance matching. Furthermore, the antenna has peak gain of 23.69 dB, which is favorable for high-frequency communication applications. Thus the optimized structure, combining DGS enhancements with multiple octagonal patches, offers potential for use in 5G and other high frequency wireless applications.
Multiband, microstrip patch, and defective ground structure(DGS).
Copyright (c) 2024 Anjali Sharma, Aditi Bhardwaj, M. Imran Khan, Mohd. Gulman Siddiqui, Sudhir Bhaskar, Kamakshi (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Yoga As A Holistic Intervention For Improving Sleep And Mental Health: Evidence-Based Review
Sleep disturbance and mental health conditions like stress, anxiety, and depression are very common and frequently co-occurring conditions that have an impact on general wellbeing and quality of life. Yoga, a mind-body practice that incorporates meditation, breathing exercises (pranayama), and physical postures (asana), is being investigated more and more as a non-pharmacological sleep and mental health aid. The purpose of this study is to compile the most recent data on the effects of yoga on psychological health and sleep quality from systematic reviews and randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Up until November 2025, searches were performed using terms associated with yoga, sleep, and mental health in PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and PsycINFO. Most studies show that yoga therapies significantly enhance subjective sleep quality (measured by PSQI and ISI) and reduce feelings of anxiety and depression, especially in women, older persons, and clinical populations. Reduced physiological arousal, autonomic nervous system modulation, lower cortisol levels, and improved mindfulness and relaxation are some of the suggested explanations. All things considered, yoga seems to be a secure and helpful supplemental treatment for enhancing sleep and mental health results. To prove long-term effectiveness, however, additional thorough studies using standardized procedures and objective sleep measurements are required.
Yoga, Sleep Quality, Mental Health, Depression, Anxiety, Mind–Body Therapy
Copyright (c) 2024 Nida Wajid, Dr. Santosh Kumar Gurjar (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Effectiveness Of A Structured Teaching Programme (Stp) On Knowledge And Attitude Regarding Prevention Of Cancer Among College Students In Salem, Tamil Nadu
Background: Cancer prevention through lifestyle changes, vaccination, and early detection is a global priority. Young adults (college students) are an important target group for preventive education because they can adopt healthy behaviours and influence families. This study evaluates the effectiveness of a Structured Teaching Programme (STP) on knowledge and attitudes regarding cancer prevention among college students in Salem, Tamil Nadu. Methods: A quasi-experimental one-group pre-test–post-test design was used. Hundred (n = 100) undergraduate students from selected college in Salem was recruited using purposive sampling technique. Data collection was done by using a validated structured questionnaire assessing knowledge (scored) and attitude (Likert scale). The STP was a 60–90 minute interactive module covering major modifiable risk factors, screening/vaccination recommendations, and local resources. Pre-test was administered by the STP and a post-test after 7–10 days. Paired t-tests (for continuous scores) and McNemar/Chi-square tests (for categorical items) were used. Significance at p<0.05. Expected results & Conclusion: We hypothesize statistically significant improvement in both knowledge and positive attitudes after the STP. Structured teaching is a low-cost, scalable approach to increase cancer prevention awareness among young adults and can be integrated into college health education programs.
Cancer prevention, Structured Teaching Programme, college students, knowledge, attitude, Salem, Tamil Nadu.
Copyright (c) 2024 Dr.A. Hepsi Rachel Chellarani, Dr.U.Palaniyammal (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Review on Bilayered tablet of Ibuprofen and Methocarbamol using Natural Polymer
Bilayer tablet technology has emerged as a promising platform in pharmaceutical development, particularly for combining drugs with complementary therapeutic actions and differing release profiles. This review focuses on the formulation strategies, evaluation parameters, and potential of bilayered tablets, specifically emphasizing the combination of Ibuprofen and Methocarbamol for the management of musculoskeletal conditions. The rationale behind this pairing lies in the need for immediate analgesic relief through Ibuprofen and prolonged muscle relaxation via Methocarbamol—ideally delivered through a single oral dosage form to enhance patient compliance and therapeutic efficacy. Natural polymers, such as Sodium Hyaluronate, are gaining attention for their biocompatibility, biodegradability, and sustained-release capabilities, making them attractive alternatives to synthetic polymers in controlled drug delivery systems. This review explores the role of such natural polymers in modifying drug release profiles, improving formulation stability, and supporting eco-friendly pharmaceutical development. Key formulation aspects including drug-excipient compatibility, layer separation, compression characteristics, and dissolution behavior are discussed in the context of bilayer tablet development. Challenges such as achieving robust physical integrity between layers and preventing interlayer interaction are highlighted alongside solutions adopted in current research and industry practices. Furthermore, the review outlines the comparative advantages of bilayered dosage forms over conventional monolayer tablets, the importance of in-vitro and in-vivo correlation, and the regulatory considerations surrounding their development. Future perspectives include scaling up bilayer formulations, integrating novel drug delivery technologies (e.g., nanoparticles, micelles), and expanding this approach to other therapeutic areas. This article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the technological advancements, formulation strategies, and clinical relevance of bilayer tablets, encouraging further exploration and application of this versatile drug delivery system in modern therapeutics..
Bilayered Tablet, Ibuprofen, Methocarbamol, Sodium Hyaluronate, Sustained and Immediate Release, Natural Polymers
Copyright (c) 2025 Radheshyam Vishvakarma, Ms.Anjali Chourasiya, Mr. Narendra Gehalot, Dr. Vikas Jain (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Formulation Development and Evaluation of Topical Microemulgel Loaded with Terbinafine Hydrochloride
Topical drug delivery has always been a cornerstone of dermatological treatment, offering a localized approach with minimal systemic side effects. However, conventional topical formulations such as creams, ointments, and gels often suffer from limitations like poor drug penetration, greasy texture, limited stability, and inconsistent drug release. These drawbacks necessitate the development of more effective delivery systems to enhance therapeutic efficacy and patient compliance. One such promising advancement is the Microemulgel, a hybrid system that combines the advantages of microemulsions and gels. Microemulgels possess nanosized oil droplets stabilized with surfactants and co-surfactants, offering superior drug solubilization, enhanced skin permeation, and controlled release properties. The incorporation of microemulsions into a gel base further enhances spreadability, stability, and ease of application, making them more cosmetically acceptable than traditional formulations. This system is particularly effective for delivering lipophilic drugs like Terbinafine, an antifungal agent used to treat superficial mycoses. Terbinafine’s poor aqueous solubility and limited permeability hinder its performance in conventional dosage forms, making it an ideal candidate for microemulgel-based delivery. This review focuses on the formulation strategies, characterization techniques, and advantages of Terbinafine-loaded microemulgels over conventional topical products. Various parameters such as particle size, zeta potential, viscosity, spreadability, drug content, and in vitro drug diffusion have been critically evaluated to determine the superiority of microemulgels. A comparative study with marketed Terbinafine ointments further validates the improved performance of microemulgel formulations in terms of drug release and skin penetration. Given their remarkable attributes, microemulgels present a novel, effective, and patient-friendly platform for the topical delivery of poorly water-soluble drugs. This review concludes that Terbinafine-loaded microemulgel systems hold substantial promise and should be further explored in preclinical and clinical settings for commercial development.
Microemulgel, Terbinafine Hydrochloride, Topical Drug Delivery, Antifungal Formulation, Novel Drug Delivery System, NDDS
Copyright (c) 2025 Nidhi Jain, Mr. Yogendra Malviya, Mr. Narendra Gehalot, Dr. Vikas Jain (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Review on use of Natural Disintegrants for formulation of Metoclopramide Oral Disintegrating Tablet
The development of orally disintegrating tablets (ODTs) has revolutionized drug delivery, particularly for populations with swallowing difficulties such as pediatric, geriatric, and psychiatric patients. Traditional synthetic superdisintegrants have long played a pivotal role in ODT formulation, but growing interest in natural, sustainable, and biocompatible alternatives has prompted extensive research into plant-derived excipients. This review focuses on the evolving landscape of natural superdisintegrants, with particular emphasis on Plantago ovata (psyllium husk) and Ocimum basilicum (sweet basil) mucilages, which have demonstrated significant potential in enhancing the disintegration and dissolution profiles of ODTs. Natural mucilages offer several advantages, including biodegradability, non-toxicity, economic viability, and multifunctionality as disintegrants, binders, and release modifiers. Their physicochemical properties, mechanisms of action, extraction techniques, and comparative performance with synthetic disintegrants are critically evaluated. Recent advancements in the formulation of Metoclopramide HCl ODTs using these natural polymers are discussed as a case example, highlighting improved dispersion time, enhanced water absorption, and rapid drug release. The review also explores formulation challenges, regulatory considerations, and future prospects including industrial scalability, in vivo performance evaluation, and broader applicability to other therapeutic classes. By synthesizing current literature and research findings, this article underscores the growing promise of natural superdisintegrants in ODT technology and advocates for their wider adoption as part of a patient-centric, eco-friendly approach to oral drug delivery.
Orally disintegranting tablets, ODTs, Metoclopramide, Superdisintegrants, Plantago ovata, Ocimum basilicum
Copyright (c) 2025 Priyanshi Mehta, Dr. Akanksha Jagwani, Mr. Narendra Gehalot, Dr. Vikas Jain (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Mesophilic And Thermophilic Algae Comparative Nutraceutical Potential: A Functional Approach
This research paper presents a comparative analysis of mesophilic and thermophilic algae, exploring their potential for bioactive compound production and their suitability for nutraceutical applications. Microalgae have gained significant attention as a rich source of bioactive compounds with potential health benefits. However, the choice of microalgal species, particularly between mesophilic and thermophilic varieties, can significantly impact the production of these bioactive compounds. This study examines mesophilic and thermophilic algae strains, assessing their growth, biomass productivity, and the yield of bioactive compounds, including pigments, lipids, proteins, and other potential nutraceuticals. These findings highlight that thermophilic algae, thriving at elevated temperatures, exhibit distinct advantages in terms of higher biomass productivity and the synthesis of specific bioactive compounds, particularly in the context of thermotolerant enzymes and thermal stability. Mesophilic algae, while flourishing at moderate temperatures, present their unique profile of bioactive compounds. The results of this study underscore the importance of carefully selecting microalgal strains based on the desired bioactive compound for nutraceutical purposes. By understanding the advantages and limitations of mesophilic and thermophilic algae, we can optimize the production of specific bioactive compounds, contributing to the advancement of the nutraceutical industry. This research sheds light on the dynamic interplay between temperature, algae species, and bioactive compound production, guiding future efforts in the development of functional foods and dietary supplements.
Mesophilic algae, Thermophilic algae, Pigments, Bioactive compounds, Nutraceuticals
Copyright (c) 2024 Sujata Sheoran, Sharma Mona, Santosh Bhukal (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
An Electromyographic Analysis To Find Out The Effectiveness Of Dry Needling Therapy With Core Muscle Strengthening Exercises For Non-Specific Low Back Pain
Non-specific low back pain (NSLBP) is a predominant condition often associated with issues in the deep spinal stabilizing muscles, particularly the multifidus and erector spinae. While conventional therapy are common treatments, combining dry needling (DN) with core strengthening exercises may yield enhanced therapeutic benefits. Electromyographic (EMG) analysis enables an objective evaluation of muscle activity during these interventions. OBJECTIVE: The goal is to evaluate the effectiveness of dry needling and core muscle strengthening exercises in terms of pain, disability, and muscle activation in individuals with NSLBP. METHODS: A convenient sampling involved 64 participants diagnosed with NSLBP, who were randomly allotted to two groups: the Experimental Group (n=32) received dry needling and a structured core strengthening program, while the Control Group (n=32) received interferential therapy (IFT). The conclusion measures included the Modified Oswestry Low Back Pain Disability Scale for functional disability and surface EMG to assess the muscle activation of the erector spinae before and after the intervention. RESULTS: The experimental group displayed a significant improvement in functional outcomes and greater EMG activation of the erector spinae compared to the control group (p <0.0001). This indicates better neuromuscular reactivation and a decrease in disability for the experimental group. CONCLUSION: Dry needling therapy with core strengthening exercises is more effective than conventional therapy in improving function and neuromuscular control in patients with non-specific low back pain. EMG findings confirm its role in reactivating key spinal stabilizers, which may lower the risk of recurrence.
Non-specific low back pain, Dry needling, Core strengthening, Electromyography.
Copyright (c) 2025 N. BHAVADHARANI, DR.S. SENTHIL KUMAR (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Exploring Ipomoea cairica as a Source of Bioactive Molecules: A Comprehensive Review of Its Phytochemistry and Biological Activities
Ipomoea cairica (L.) Sweet, commonly known as five-fingered morning glory or mile-a-minute vine, is a perennial climbing herb belonging to the family Convolvulaceae. The plant has long been utilized in traditional medicine across tropical and subtropical regions for the treatment of various ailments, including inflammation, infections, and liver disorders. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the taxonomy, morphology, phytochemical composition, and pharmacological properties of I. cairica. Phytochemical investigations have revealed the presence of diverse bioactive constituents such as coumarins, flavonoids, lignans, resin glycosides, and anthocyanins, which contribute to its wide range of biological activities. Experimental studies have validated its ethnomedicinal uses, demonstrating antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, hepatoprotective, nephroprotective, neuroprotective, antimicrobial, larvicidal, and antifungal properties. These pharmacological effects are largely attributed to the plant’s ability to modulate oxidative stress, inflammation, and enzymatic activity in various experimental models. Despite significant progress, further studies are required to isolate and characterize the specific active compounds responsible for these effects, elucidate their mechanisms of action, and assess their safety and therapeutic potential through preclinical and clinical evaluations. The cumulative evidence positions I. cairica as a promising natural resource for the development of novel pharmacotherapeutic agents.
Ipomoea cairica; Convolvulaceae; Phytochemistry; Ethnomedicinal uses; Pharmacological activities; Antioxidant; Hepatoprotective
Copyright (c) 2024 Arvind Kumar, Mrinmoy Basak (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Survey Of Fusarium Root Rot Of Pea In Satara District
Fusarium root rot disease, caused by the soil-borne pathogen Fusarium solani, poses a significant threat to pea cultivation in Satara, Maharashtra. This study presents an extensive survey of Fusarium root rot incidence, severity, and management practices in the region. Through rigorous field surveys conducted across 100 pea farms, laboratory analyses of 2000 plant samples, and detailed interviews with 300 local farmers, we identified the prevalence of the disease, its impact on yield and quality, and the effectiveness of current management strategies. Our findings reveal that 47% of surveyed farms reported Fusarium root rot incidence, with an average Disease Severity Index of 3.4 on a 5-point scale. Affected farms experienced yield reductions of 18-35% and significant decreases in fruit quality, with economic losses estimated at 150,000-400,000 per hectare. While chemical treatments and crop rotation are commonly employed, their effectiveness varies considerably. Integrated disease management practices showed the most promise in reducing disease severity, with a 40% reduction in DSI compared to conventional methods. This study highlights critical factors contributing to disease spread, including climate variables, soil characteristics, and farming practices. We propose a comprehensive set of recommendations for improved disease management, aiming to enhance pea production and economic outcomes for farmers in Satara.
Fusarium root rot, pea, Fusarium solani, Disease Survey, Satara, Crop Management, Integrated Pest Management, Economic Impact
Copyright (c) 2024 S. S .Kamble, S. D. Sorate, M. S. Desai, A. A. Jagtap (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0