Review on use of Natural Disintegrants for formulation of Metoclopramide Oral Disintegrating Tablet

Abstract

The development of orally disintegrating tablets (ODTs) has revolutionized drug delivery, particularly for populations with swallowing difficulties such as pediatric, geriatric, and psychiatric patients. Traditional synthetic superdisintegrants have long played a pivotal role  in ODT formulation, but growing interest in natural, sustainable, and biocompatible alternatives has prompted extensive research into plant-derived excipients. This review focuses on the evolving landscape of natural superdisintegrants, with particular emphasis on Plantago ovata (psyllium husk) and Ocimum basilicum (sweet basil) mucilages, which have demonstrated significant potential in enhancing the disintegration and dissolution profiles of ODTs. Natural mucilages offer several advantages, including biodegradability, non-toxicity, economic viability, and multifunctionality as disintegrants, binders, and release modifiers. Their physicochemical properties, mechanisms of action, extraction techniques, and comparative performance with synthetic disintegrants are critically evaluated. Recent advancements in the formulation of Metoclopramide HCl ODTs using these natural polymers are discussed as a case example, highlighting improved dispersion time, enhanced water absorption, and rapid drug release. The review also explores formulation challenges, regulatory considerations, and future prospects including industrial scalability, in vivo performance evaluation, and broader applicability to other therapeutic classes. By synthesizing current literature and research findings, this article underscores the growing promise of natural superdisintegrants in ODT technology and advocates for their wider adoption as part of a patient-centric, eco-friendly approach to oral drug delivery.