Exploring Ipomoea cairica as a Source of Bioactive Molecules: A Comprehensive Review of Its Phytochemistry and Biological Activities

Abstract

Ipomoea cairica (L.) Sweet, commonly known as five-fingered morning glory or mile-a-minute vine, is a perennial climbing herb belonging to the family Convolvulaceae. The plant has long been utilized in traditional medicine across tropical and subtropical regions for the treatment of various ailments, including inflammation, infections, and liver disorders. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the taxonomy, morphology, phytochemical composition, and pharmacological properties of I. cairica. Phytochemical investigations have revealed the presence of diverse bioactive constituents such as coumarins, flavonoids, lignans, resin glycosides, and anthocyanins, which contribute to its wide range of biological activities. Experimental studies have validated its ethnomedicinal uses, demonstrating antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, hepatoprotective, nephroprotective, neuroprotective, antimicrobial, larvicidal, and antifungal properties. These pharmacological effects are largely attributed to the plant’s ability to modulate oxidative stress, inflammation, and enzymatic activity in various experimental models. Despite significant progress, further studies are required to isolate and characterize the specific active compounds responsible for these effects, elucidate their mechanisms of action, and assess their safety and therapeutic potential through preclinical and clinical evaluations. The cumulative evidence positions I. cairica as a promising natural resource for the development of novel pharmacotherapeutic agents.