Comprehensive Analysis of Silver Nanoparticles incorporatedwith Polylactic acid (PLA): Antibacterial Activity, XRD Analysis,Cytotoxicity, and SEM Characterization for HealthCare Application

Abstract

This study investigates the integration of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) into polylactic acid (PLA) to enhance their antimicrobial properties while maintaining biocompatibility. The antibacterial and antifungal activities of the composites were evaluated using disc diffusion and agar diffusion methods against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the incorporation of AgNPs by showing distinct crystalline peaks. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to characterize the uniform distribution and morphology of the nanoparticles within the PLA matrix. Cytotoxicity was assessed using the MTT assay, measuring cell viability at various concentrations. The antimicrobial tests revealed significant inhibition zones: 12 mm for E. coli, 11 mm for S. aureus, and 13 mm for C. albicans. XRD analysis showed distinct crystalline peaks, confirming the successful incorporation of AgNPs into the composites. SEM characterization demonstrated a uniform distribution of well-defined nanoparticles within the PLA matrix. The MTT assay results indicated minimal cytotoxicity, with cell viability remaining above 94.88% at the highest tested concentration. PLA and silver nanoparticle composites exhibit potent antimicrobial activity and are biocompatible, making them suitable for various healthcare applications. Further research should focus on long-term stability, mechanisms of action, biocompatibility, application-specific optimization, and regulatory compliance.