Role of RAGEs as Potential Biomarkers for Chronic Kidney Disease Patients with and without Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract

Background:The article investigates the potential of plasma RAGE as biomarkers for Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) patients, with and without coexisting Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus(T2DM). The intricate relationship between CKD and T2DM necessitates the exploration of novel biomarkers to enhance early detection, risk stratification, and therapeutic interventions.

Aim :-The rising global burden of Chronic Kidney Disease, exacerbated by the prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, underscores the need for innovative approaches to patient care. This section introduces the significance of biomarkers in CKD and T2DM, highlighting the potential contributions of serum RAGE.

Methods

This study was carried out on 150 CKD patients, who are divided-accordingly into diabetes and non-diabetes control groups. The patient differentiated on the basis of measured serum RAGE level, serum creatinine,urea, Blood urea nitrogen (BUN), sodium, potassium, and calcium levels and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR).

Results

Patients suffering from diabetes with CKD exhibited a notably higher average serum RAGE level as compared to controls, i.e (4.16 ± 0.99 vs. 1.44 ± 0.46) and this difference was statistically significant. Also, it was noted that a positive correlation between serum RAGE levels and urinary albumin as well as serum creatinine. Consequently, a negative correlation was found between serum RAGE levels and the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR).

Conclusion

Elevated serum RAGE levels serve as a valuable indicator for the potential decline in renal function among diabetic patients. The data available shows a significant difference with case vs control, i.e (4.16 ± 0.99 vs. 1.44 ± 0.46).This suggests that RAGE has the potential to function as a diagnostic tool for identifying individuals with diabetes who are at an increased risk of developing diabetic kidney disease.