Nasya Therapy in The Management of Ardhavabhedaka (Migraine): A Review of Ayurvedic Perspectives and Modern Insights

Abstract

Ardhavabhedaka, an Ayurvedic term referring to a specific type of headache disorder, bears a striking resemblance to what modern medicine defines as migraine. This condition, as described in classical Ayurvedic texts like Charaka Samhita and Sushruta Samhita, is characterized by severe unilateral headaches that can be accompanied by additional symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, sensitivity to light (photophobia), and sound (phonophobia). Migraines are a common neurological disorder that significantly impairs quality of life and productivity, affecting millions of people worldwide. Conventional treatments for migraine often include the use of analgesics, triptans, and preventive medications like beta-blockers or antiepileptics, which primarily offer symptomatic relief. However, they may come with side effects and may not address the root cause of the condition. In contrast, Ayurveda offers a holistic approach to the management of Ardhavabhedaka, focusing not only on symptom relief but also on correcting underlying imbalances in the body. One of the key therapies used in the management of Ardhavabhedaka is Nasya therapy, a part of Panchakarma—a detoxification procedure. Nasya involves the administration of medicated oils, powders, or herbal extracts through the nasal passages, believed to be the gateway to the brain and central nervous system. According to Ayurvedic principles, Nasya helps eliminate accumulated toxins (Ama), clear blockages in the Shirovaha srotas (channels related to the head), and restore balance in Vata and Kapha doshas, which are considered the primary factors in the pathogenesis of Ardhavabhedaka. This review explores the ancient Ayurvedic understanding of Ardhavabhedaka and evaluates the potential of Nasya therapy in managing migraine symptoms. It also incorporates modern scientific findings on the efficacy of Nasya in alleviating migraine symptoms, offering a comprehensive framework for integrating traditional Ayurvedic treatments with contemporary migraine management strategies for optimal patient care.