Study Of the Association Between Serum Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1, Inflammatory Marker and Metabolic Control Parameters in Patients with Essential Hypertension in Southern Odisha.

Abstract

Background: Adipose tissue is the primary source of the serine protease inhibitor i.e plasminogen activator inhibitor-1. It has a significant impact on the inflammatory processes associated with high blood pressure. Higher levels of adiposity result in higher levels of PAI-1 and hence a vicious circle forms between PAI-1 and hypertension. What has been lacking are studies concerning the association of PAI-1, highly sensitive CRP and lipid levels of patients with essential hypertension especially in Southern Odisha. Hence the goal of the current study is to investigate and contrast the serum level of PAI-1in those individuals with essential hypertension against their respective controls in relation to the serous level of hsCRP and lipid level.
Materials and Methods: From November 2020 to August 2021, MKCG Hospital and Medical College in Berhampur, Odisha, India, carried out a cross-sectional study in which forty-five newly diagnosed essential hypertensive patients (group-1) along with forty-three age and gender-matched healthy controls (group-2), ranging in age from eighteen to sixty years were included. Regular biochemical tests were performed using commercial kits in TBA-120 FR autoanalyzer. These tests included total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), urea, creatinine, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and fasting blood sugar (FBS). ELISA was used to measure serum PAI-1 and serum hsCRP. All statistical analysis were conducted using the student’s t-test and Pearson's correlation coefficient.
Results: The study cohort had a higher majority of males at 56% than females at 44%. According to the study, hypertensive patients had noticeably higher serum PAI-1 levels; the mean value was 203.36 ± 59.64 ng/mL compared with controls, which was 60.11 ± 12.93 ng/mL; p < 0.001. Levels of serum PAI-1 had a positive association with lipid markers including TC, TG, and LDL-C (r = 0.498, p < 0.001, r = 0.491, p < 0.001, and r = 0.599, p < 0.001, respectively and hsCRP (r = 0.615, p < 0.001), but a negative correlation with HDL-C (r = -0.762, p < 0.001)).
Conclusion: A significantly increased serum PAI-1 levels was observed in newly diagnosed essential hypertensive patients. The increase showing meaningful positive correlations with TC, TG, LDL-C, and hs-CRP and a significant negative relationship with HDL-C. Therefore, it might be taken that, inflammatory and metabolic processes may be influenced by PAI-1 in patients with essential hypertension.