Lobeline: A Natural Alkaloid with Promising Neuroprotective Effect - A Novel Treatment Era

Abstract

Lobeline is an alkaloid that has actions like nicotine on nicotinic cholinergic receptors but is less potent. Lobeline, a natural alkaloid from the Lobelia genus, has emerged as a compound of interest due to its neuroprotective effects, particularly in the context of neurodegenerative diseases such as PD (Parkinson disease) anti-depressant, anti-epileptic. It has been proposed for a variety of therapeutic uses including in respiratory disorders, peripheral vascular disorders, insomnia, and smoking cessation. Neurodegenerative diseases are conventionally demarcated as disorders with selective loss of neurons. Recent studies have demonstrated that Lobeline exhibits significant protective properties against dopaminergic neuron death induced by neurotoxins like MPTP (1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine). In animal models, Lobeline administration has been shown to alleviate behavioural deficits and reduce neurotoxin-induced immunoreactivity loss in key brain regions such as the substantia nigra and striatum, suggesting its potential utility in treating PD (Parkinson disease). Moreover, Lobeline's mechanism of action appears to involve the modulation of neurotransmitter systems, specifically through the inhibition of dopamine reuptake and the blockade of NMDARs (N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors), which are implicated in excitotoxicity. By preventing excessive calcium influx and oxidative stress associated with NMDARs (N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors) overactivity, Lobeline may offer a dual approach to neuroprotection both by enhancing dopaminergic signalling and by mitigating excitotoxic damage. In addition to its neuroprotective properties, Lobeline has shown promise in improving cognitive function and exhibiting antidepressant-like effects in preclinical studies. Its interaction with nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and modulation of BDNF (brain-derived neurotrophic factor) expression are likely contributors to these effects. In conventional medication therapies, several plants have been reported to bestow remedial effects. The present article reviews the potential efficacy of plant-derived alkaloid in particular Lobeline which possess potential therapeutic effects against PD (Parkinson’s disease). Overall, the growing body of evidence supports Lobeline's potential as a therapeutic agent in the management of neurodegenerative disorders, warranting further investigation into its pharmacological mechanisms and clinical applications.