Beta-Sitosterol and Stigmasterol as Synergestic Anticancer Potential in Breast Cancer Isolated from Euphorbiaceae Family Plants

Abstract

This study explores the potential anticancer properties of phytosterols like beta-sitosterol and stigmasterol isolated from Euphorbia Pulcherrima leaves and Ricinus communis seed with synergestic effect. Mechanism of Beta-sitosterol suppresses angiogenesis and metastasis and induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. It also inhibits cell proliferation, migration, and invasion.While Stigmasterol suppresses the NF-κB and PI3K/Akt signalling pathways while inducing autophagy and death. Additionally both exhibit wound healing activity, antibacterial, antiulcer, anticonvulsant, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. Both phytosterols have been shown to be effective against various breast cancer cell. The in-vitro anticancer activity of β-sitosterol and stigmasterol, as well as their combination shows synergistic effect against the breast cancer cell lines MCF-7 (hormone receptor-positive) Inhibit cell proliferation and induce apoptosis and MDA-MB-231 (hormone receptor-negative) Suppress cell migration and invasion. along with their percentage inhibition using the MTT at several concentration ranges between

6.12 μg/ml and 100 μg/ml. At a dosage of 100 μg/ml, its combination exhibits the maximum percent inhibition. A bliss independence model was used to examine the synergistic action of β- sitosterol and stigmasterol. Because of their low toxicity and natural origin, they are interesting to candidates for combination therapy with other anticancer agents. These findings suggest that phytosterols may be effective against multiple breast cancer subtypes, To completely comprehend their causes and treatment approaches, more investigation is required.