An Ayurvedic Conceptual Review of Nidranasha (Insomnia) with Special Reference to Tridosha and Manasika Bhavas

Abstract

Nidra (sleep) is one of the three essential Upastambhas (sub-pillars) of life, along with Ahara and Brahmacharya, in Ayurveda. It supports physical, mental, and spiritual well-being by nourishing tissues (Dhatu Pushti), enhancing immunity (Ojas), and fostering cognition (Gyana). Nidranasha (insomnia) is not defined as an independent disease in classical texts but is associated with Vataja Nanatmaka Vikara, Vataj Jwara, and psychological disorders. Aggravated Vata Dosha, socio-psychological stressors, or Manasika Bhavas such as Chinta and Bhaya, contribute significantly to its pathogenesis. Modern lifestyle pressures, including sleep deprivation, stress, and erratic routines, have led to a sharp rise in insomnia, which is closely linked to cardiovascular, metabolic, and neurological disorders. This review critically examines Nidra and Nidranasha as described in the Brihatrayee and Laghutrayee texts, correlates Ayurvedic explanations with contemporary sleep science, and highlights preventive and therapeutic approaches, including diet, sleep hygiene, and calming therapies, for effective management of Nidra.