Functional Assessment Of Ankle Dorsiflexion And Performance Outcomes In Elite Athletes: A Cross-Sectional Analytical Study

Abstract

Background: Ankle dorsiflexion range of motion (ROM) is a key determinant of lower-limb kinematics in athletic performance. Limited dorsiflexion is associated with altered landing mechanics, decreased propulsion efficiency, and increased injury risk. However, the relationship between dorsiflexion ROM and specific performance outcomes in elite athletes remains under-explored.

Objective: To evaluate the relationship between functional ankle dorsiflexion and sport-specific performance outcomes in elite athletes across multiple disciplines.

Methods: This cross-sectional study included 120 elite athletes (mean age = 22.4 ± 3.1 years) from sprinting, football, basketball, and gymnastics. Functional ankle dorsiflexion was assessed bilaterally using the Weight-Bearing Lunge Test (WBLT) and goniometric dorsiflexion angle. Performance metrics included 20-m sprint time, vertical jump height, Y-Balance Test composite score, and single-leg hop distance. Pearson’s correlation and multiple regression analyses determined associations between dorsiflexion ROM and performance variables.

Results:
Mean dorsiflexion (dominant = 42.1° ± 5.8°, non-dominant = 40.7° ± 6.1°) demonstrated significant correlations with Y-Balance composite (r = 0.68, p < 0.001) and vertical jump (r = 0.52, p < 0.01). Regression revealed dorsiflexion angle as a significant predictor of balance and explosive performance (β = 0.45, p < 0.01) after controlling for age, BMI, and sport type. Athletes with dorsiflexion < 38° exhibited higher asymmetry and slower sprint times.

Conclusion:
Functional ankle dorsiflexion is a critical determinant of dynamic stability and lower-limb performance in elite athletes. Screening and targeted mobility interventions may enhance efficiency and reduce injury risk