Prostate Cancer: Historical Insights and Future Directions in Screening and Biomarkers

Abstract

This article delves into the historical evolution of prostate cancer, tracing its journey from ancient Greece to its current status as the most diagnosed cancer among males. We explores the development and impact of various screening methods, particularly the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test, and highlight the ongoing pursuit of new biomarkers to improve the accuracy and effectiveness of prostate cancer screening and diagnosis.  The introduction of novel biomarkers, including blood-based, urine-based, and tissue-based markers, as well as imaging techniques have enhanced prostate cancer detection and management. We conclude by addressing the challenges and considerations for future biomarker research and the importance of integrating multiple biomarkers to achieve better diagnostic and prognostic outcomes.