Ovarian Cancer Clinicopathological Profile and Demographic Distribution in Sudanese Women: A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Ovarian cancer is a major global health issue with a high fatality rate, mostly due to late-stage diagnosis. This hospital-based cross-sectional study sought to describe the clinicopathological features and demographic distribution of ovarian cancer in Sudanese women. Between January 2020 and December 2022, data from 155 confirmed ovarian cancer patients were retrospectively analyzed at oncology centers across Sudan. The majority of patients had advanced-stage epithelial ovarian malignancies, primarily serous adenocarcinoma. Key demographic studies revealed a higher frequency among elderly adults, rural people, and women with little education. Clinically, most patients presented with insidious symptom onset and common complaints such as abdominal bloating, pelvic pain, and changes in bowel habits. A notable proportion had prolonged symptom duration exceeding 12 months, and a small percentage exhibited coexisting tumors. These findings suggest delayed healthcare-seeking behavior and diagnostic challenges. Enhanced public health measures, early detection strategies, targeted community awareness, and improved healthcare access are critically needed in Sudan.