Nigella sativa Promotes Intraocular Pressure Reduction, Neuroprotection, and Preservation of Visual Field in Glaucoma: A Systematic Review

Abstract

Glaucoma is a leading cause of irreversible blindness, characterized by progressive damage to the optic nerve due to intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation. Although current treatments focus primarily on IOP reduction, neuroprotective strategies are gaining significant attention for their potential to prevent optic nerve degeneration and preserve vision. Nigella sativa (black seed) has shown promising effects in managing various health conditions, with recent results suggesting its role in glaucoma treatment. Therefore, this systematic review aimed to evaluate the impact of Nigella sativa on IOP reduction, neuroprotection, and preservation of the visual field in glaucoma patients.

A thorough search of databases was conducted on PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar to identify relevant studies exploring the pharmacological effects of Nigella sativa on glaucoma. Studies included both animal models and human trials investigating IOP reduction, optic nerve protection, and visual field stability. The review found that Nigella sativa significantly reduced IOP through anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and vasodilatory mechanisms. It also showed neuroprotective effects by preventing retinal ganglion cell (RGC) damage and promoting optic nerve health. Although animal studies showed positive results, human clinical evidence remained limited.

In conclusion, Nigella sativa appeared to be a promising adjunctive treatment for glaucoma, offering IOP reduction and neuroprotection. Moreover, further clinical studies were recommended to confirm its efficacy and safety in human glaucoma management.