Epidemiological Insights Into Refractive Errors In School-Aged Children: Study From South Delhi’s Semi-Urban Population"

Abstract

Background: Refractive errors are a leading cause of visual impairment among school-age children globally, affecting learning, quality of life, and psychosocial development. While urban populations are well studied, data on semi-urban communities in rapidly urbanizing regions like South Delhi remains sparse.

Objective: To determine the prevalence, types, and associated factors of refractive errors among school-age children in a semi-urban population of South Delhi.

Methods: A school-based cross-sectional study was conducted from June 2022 to December 2022 in semi-urban areas of South Delhi. A total of 1,200 children aged 6–16 years from private schools were screened. Visual acuity was tested using Snellen’s chart; those with subnormal vision were further examined by an ophthalmologist. Data on socio-demographic parameters and behavioral risk factors were collected using a structured questionnaire.

Results: Refractive errors were found in 238 children (19.8%). Myopia was the most common (12.4%), followed by astigmatism (4.8%) and hyperopia (2.6%). Refractive errors were significantly associated with age (p < 0.01), and screen time >2 hours/day (p < 0.05), but not with gender (p = 0.62).

Conclusion: The high prevalence of refractive errors among school-age children in South Delhi’s semi-urban areas underscores the urgent need for regular vision screening programs and awareness initiatives. Integration of school-based eye care into primary healthcare can play a pivotal role in early detection and management.