Caveolin-1 Expression in Dentigerous Cyst, Odontogenic Keratocyst, and Ameloblastoma

Abstract

Objective Multiple neoplasms have been associated with the caveolin-1 protein. A protein essential for endocytosis, cell adhesion, and tumorogenesis. Still, it's not clear how this protein is expressed in odontogenic epithelial lesions like odontogenic keratocysts, dentigerous cysts, and ameloblastomas. This research was done to assess the expression of  caveolin-1 in odontogenic keratocysts, dentigerous cysts, and ameloblastomas to determine its potential as a diagnostic marker.

Material and Method: This cross-sectional study comprised 60 archival specimens. The archival specimens underwent sectioning and staining with haematoxylin and eosin to reaffirm the diagnosis. Histopathological analysis classified 60 archival specimens into 20 cases of dentigerous cysts, 20 cases of odontogenic keratocysts, and 20 cases of ameloblastomas. All of the samples were subjected to sectioning and IHC staining using Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody Caveolin-1.The expression of Cave-1 was evaluated using the H score.

Results: The mean histoscore of caveolin-1 in ameloblastoma, dentigerous cyst, and odontogenic keratocyst was 169±65.77, 163.50±92.41, and 240.50±83.32, respectively. ANOVA demonstrated a statistically significant difference  in both between and within groups, with a p-value of 0.0061. The research also demonstrated that caveolin-1 immunohistochemistry expression may distinguish ameloblastoma from odontogenic keratocyst and dentigerous cyst from odontogenic keratocyst. Distinguishing ameloblastoma from dentigerous cysts, as well as from odontogenic keratocysts, based on caveolin-1 expression poses significant challenges.

Conclusion: The present study showed the expression of caveolin-1 expression was higher in odontogenic kerato cysts and ameloblastoma when compared to dentigerous cyst. This increased expression of caveolin-1 is attributed to aggressive behavior of odontogenic keratocyst and ameloblastoma.