Vitamin D Receptor Gene Polymorphisms and Vitamin D Level Among Multiple Myeloma Sudanese Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Background and objective: Multiple myeloma (MM) is associated with vitamin D deficiency, which may impact disease progression. Vitamin D acts through the vitamin D receptor (VDR), and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the VDR gene could influence MM susceptibility.

This study aimed to ascertain the genotypes, and allelic distribution of the VDR gene polymorphisms (rs7975232, and rs731236) and its relationship to MM in Sudanese individuals.

Methods: in this comparative cross-sectional study; 50 patients and 50 apparently healthy individuals age matched (as controls) were enrolled. Serum samples were analyzed for vitamin D level using Cobas e 601 (Roch Germany). Genomic DNA was extracted from whole blood by using specific extraction kit Qiagen. By using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP); then all samples were genotyped for the VDR polymorphisms (rs7975232), and (rs731236).

Results:  Significant association was found between VDR gene polymorphisms and MM. There was a significant difference in genotypic frequencies of the rs7975232, rs731236 SNPs and alleles frequencies between MM patients and control group. MM patients had a significantly decreased serum vitamin D when compared with control group, results also showed that decreased serum vitamin D, VDR Taq1 (CC allele), and ADIPOQ VDR Apa1 (TT allele) had independently predicted the incidence of multiple myeloma in the Sudanese population.

Conclusion: Along with deficiency of Vitamin D level, the VDR genetic variants (rs 7975232and rs731236) are connected to MM risk among the Sudanese population.