A Comparative Study Of Iron Deficiency Anemia And Thyroid Function Test In Pregnant Women

Abstract

Iron deficiency (ID) is believed to be the most common dietary deficiency globally. There is ongoing debate about how ID impacts thyroid function and autoimmunity, particularly in women of reproductive age and during pregnancy. During pregnancy, women undergo various physiological changes that can affect their overall health. Two common conditions that can impact pregnant women are iron deficiency anaemia and thyroid dysfunction.It is essential for pregnant women to undergo regular screenings for both iron deficiency anaemia and thyroid dysfunction to ensure early detection and prompt treatment. By monitoring these conditions closely, healthcare providers can help pregnant women maintain optimal health throughout their pregnancy. Our aim was to investigate the relationship between thyroid function tests in pregnant women and iron deficiency anemia. Additionally, we aimed to determine the prevalence of iron deficiency anemia among pregnant mothers. We conducted a prospective cross-sectional study at ACS Medical College and Hospital's Departments of Pathology and Obstetrics and Gynecology. Participants were recruited from antenatal clinics, and we collected demographic and clinical data, along with blood samples for laboratory analysis.

In our study, we found no statistically significant differences in mean age, BMI, and gestation period between the two groups. However, all blood parameters except anti-TPO showed significant variations. The prevalence rates among pregnant women were 20% for subclinical hypothyroidism, 16.7% for overt hypothyroidism, and 13.3% for subclinical hyperthyroidism. Additionally, there was no significant relationship between TSH and ferritin levels. The study shows that many pregnant women have subclinical hypothyroidism, indicating a high prevalence of thyroid dysfunction. It also finds a direct link between thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels and ferritin.

In conclusion, a comparative study of iron deficiency anaemia and thyroid function test in pregnant women highlights the importance of early detection and management of these conditions. Regular prenatal care, including routine blood tests and screenings, is essential for monitoring the health of pregnant women and addressing any potential concerns promptly.