Analysis of Gram-Negative Bacterial Prevalence and Antibiotic Susceptibility in Infected Burn Wounds Among Stable Burn Patients

Abstract

Background: Burn wounds are highly susceptible to infection, with Gram-negative bacteria being the predominant pathogens due to their adaptability and resistance mechanisms. These infections contribute significantly to morbidity and mortality in burn patients, highlighting the need for regular surveillance of bacterial prevalence and resistance patterns.
Objective: To analyze the prevalence of Gram-negative bacteria in infected burn wounds and evaluate their antibiotic susceptibility patterns among stable burn patients.
Study Design and Setting: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Shaikh Zayed Hospital Lahore over six months.
Methodology: A total of 120 stable burn patients with second- and third-degree burns showing clinical signs of infection were included. Wound swabs were collected and processed to identify bacterial isolates using standard microbiological techniques. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method, and results were interpreted based on Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines.
Results: The most prevalent Gram-negative bacteria were Pseudomonas aeruginosa (40%), followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (30%), Escherichia coli (20%), and Acinetobacter baumannii (10%). Pseudomonas aeruginosa exhibited the highest resistance (59.6%), with only 40.4% sensitivity to tested antibiotics. Overall, 30% of patients experienced complications, while 70% had uncomplicated outcomes.
Conclusion: Gram-negative bacteria, particularly Pseudomonas aeruginosa, are the dominant pathogens in burn wound infections and show significant antibiotic resistance. Regular surveillance and tailored antimicrobial therapy are essential to optimize treatment and improve patient outcomes.