A hospital Based Observational Study to Identify Risk of Breast Cancer Associated Pten and Its Pseudogene (ptenp1) Levels in Patients Underwent Surgery

Abstract

Background: The tumour suppressor gene, PTEN, has previously been demonstrated to be involved in breast tumorigenesis and tumor progression. PTEN Gene expression is regulated by its processed pseudogene PTENP1 (Phosphatase and Tensin Homolog Pseudogene 1), PTEN Gene expression is also regulated by PTEN targeting small noncoding RNAs such as microRNAs (miRNAs), and by sense and antisense transcripts of the PTENP1 long noncoding RNA. To activate or repress PTEN gene transcription, several transcription factors bind directly to the PTEN gene promoter. Methods: This hospital based observational study was conducted on 24 breast cancer patients underwent surgery at tertiary care centre of North India. The eligible recruited study participants according to AOCG inclusion criteria were enrolled for the present study. Blood samples were extracted and later serum was isolated at 5000xg for 30 min. Cancerous and non-cancerous tissue specimens were also taken out from the same participant. Serum and tissue levels of PTEN and its pseudogene PTENP1 were measured using the ELISA method. A detailed questionnaire was used to fill the information. Risk factors for determining their poor health outcomes were analyzed using bivariate and multivariate Cox-proportional hazard regression models. Results: The level of tumour suppressor gene, PTEN in tissue, was abnormally expressed in the breast carcinoma tissues and serum compared to non-carcinoma tissues was found to be statistically significant (177.4+23.52 v/s 289.5+31.33; p<0.001) and 68.26+8.42 v/s 179.65+42.17) respectively. The risk factors that were contributed to poor health outcome and this transition includes educational status (AHR 1.58, 95%CI: 1.12, 2.29), low income (AHR 1.73, 95%CI: 1.19, 2.57) and age (AHR 1.39, 95%CI: 1.06, 1.88).  Conclusion: The results of the present study concluded that due to non-awareness of risk factors associated with poor health outcome in patients with breast cancer includes age, education and income. These results indicate that PTEN and its pseudogene PTENP1 are important for the tumorigenesis, development and prognosis of breast cancer. Government driven awareness program should be integrated with robust training of households for eradicating breast cancer.