Highly Efficient Biogenic Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Facilitated by Euphorbia fusiformis (Leaf) Extract: Optimization, Characterization and Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity

Abstract

The biogenesis of silver nanoparticles facilitated by Euphorbia fusiformis Buch.Ham.ex D.Don leaf extract is demonstrated as an eco-friendly alternative to conventional physicochemical synthesis approaches.The research articles focused on optimizing, characterizing and assessment of biosynthesized silver nanoparticle having antimicrobial efficacy. The UV-Visible, FTIR, XRD, Zeta potential, DLS, FESEM and HRTEM-EDS were used to analyze E. fusiformis-Ag NPs (Eu-SNPs). The yellow-brown colloidal solution of Eu.-SNPs displayed a single UV-Visible absorbance peak at 412 nm to 439 nm at different reaction conditions, while FT-IR confirmed the extract's role in Ag+ ion reduction and silver nanoparticles capping. The XRD study revealed FCC crystallites with a size of 16.23 ± 6.67 nm for Eu-SNPs, moreover FESEM and HR-TEM revealed Eu-SNPs' spherical shape. The EDAX analysis verified metallic silver by a prominent peak at 3.0 keV. The zeta potential indicated -19.5±0.6 mV and had a single peak. Biosynthesized Eu-SNPs had substantial dose-dependent toxicity against the bacterium Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, and fungus cultures Aspergillus niger, and Candida albicans.