Comparison of Pregnancy and Neonatal Outcomes Amongst HIV Positive Women and HIV Negative Women at the University College Hospital Ibadan, Nigeria – A Cross-sectional Study

Abstract

The effect of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and possibly Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) on pregnancy 
and neonatal outcomes has been a controversial issue with some researches reporting no association while others reporting 
significant association. This study aimed at comparing the pregnancy and neonatal outcomes between Human Immunodeficiency 
Virus (HIV) positive women and HIV negative women who delivered at University College Hospital (UCH), Ibadan. This study 
was a cross-sectional study carried out at the University College Hospital, Ibadan Nigeria. The case notes of all the HIV positive 
pregnant women and their comparison group who delivered in the year 2013(January 1st
- December 31st) were retrieved. Data 
was summarized with frequency tables and mean (SD). Association between categorical variables was analyzed using chi-square 
test or Fisher test and association between continuous variables were analyzed using independent T-test. A probability value of 
<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Compared with the HIV negative women the HIV positive women had higher 
parity (p<0.001), lesser educational qualifications (p=0.004) and lower occupational positions (p<0.001). The differences for 
selected pregnancy and neonatal outcomes were not statistically significant; antenatal complications, blood loss at delivery,
gestational age at delivery, birthweight of the babies, Apgar score, perinatal death and congenital anomalies. The sociodemographic characteristics were different in both groups and highlight need for programs to address these factors.