A comprehensive review on the current and novel treatment strategies for Alzheimer’s disease treatment

Abstract

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurological condition that worsens over time and has no approved treatment. Donanemab is a monoclonal antibody used to treat Alzheimer's disease. It is marketed under the Kisunla brand. Eli Lilly and Company developed donanemab. In some areas of the brain, the overproduction of the Aβ peptide disrupts neurotransmission by forming a plaque. Donanemab slows the disease's course by attacking the accumulation of soluble and insoluble plaque. Donanemab functions by the process by which antibodies, which are a component of our immune system, attach to and eliminate dangerous proteins. Antibodies found in donanemab attach to the protein amyloid, which accumulates in the brain during the early stages of Alzheimer's disease. It is administrated through Intravenous as Initial dose of 700 mg Intravenous every 4 weeks for 3 doses and Maintenance dose of 1400 mg Intravenous every 4 weeks. The Half-life of drug is 12.1 days and Clearance is 0.0255 L/hr. People with low-to-moderate tau pathology, a sign of the severity of the disease, respond best to the medication. However, safety concerns have been raised by side effects such as infusion responses and amyloid-related imaging abnormalities (ARIA). Donanemab effects on brain plaque load were assessed by florbetapir positron emission tomography imaging. Secondary objectives included the assessment of donanemab safety, Pharmacokinetics, immunogenicity, and its impact on cognitive function both after a single Intravenous and after several Intravenous doses. Donanemab is a new category of drug to guide amyloid-beta in the brain, a protein that aggregate and is associated with Alzheimer’s disease. As is the case with most new treatment plans, there are several risks implicit with the Donanemab and such risk implications may have an impact on the efficiency and safety of the target population. This article will try to elaborate these issues with the use of recent information and perspectives coming from experts.