Aegle Marmelos Bark Mediated Synthesis of CdS nanoparticles for Potent Applications in Pharmacological Studies

Abstract

The antibacterial and antifungal activities of biosynthesized cadmium sulfide nanoparticles (CdS NPs) were evaluated against several microorganisms, including Salmonella typhimurium, Shigella flexneri, Clostridium perfringens, Enterococcus faecalis, Aspergillus flavus, and Candida albicans. The CdS NPs demonstrated significant antimicrobial effects, with a maximum zone of inhibition of 18 mm at 150 µg/mL against E. faecalis and inhibitory zones of 11 mm and 14 mm against A.flavus and C.albicans, respectively, at 400 µg/mL. The antimicrobial mechanism of CdS NPs is hypothesized to involve ionic interactions that disrupt microbial DNA and induce oxidative stress, ultimately leading to cell lysis. Furthermore, CdS NPs showed anticancer activity against MCF-7 breast cancer cells, achieving an IC₅₀ value of 52.34 µg/mL, likely through interference with cellular redox status and mitochondrial Ca²⁺ signaling pathways. These results suggest that CdS NPs have promising therapeutic potential as antimicrobial and anticancer agents.