Evaluation of Anti-Urolithiatic Activity of Selected Medicinal Plants and Its Poly Herbal Formulation in Experimentally Induced Urolithic Rats

Abstract

Introduction: Kidney stones are formed by the crystallization of minerals and salts in the kidneys or urinary tract. Traditional medicinal plants such as Nelumbo nucifera (Family: Nymphaeaceae), Anogeissus latifolia (Family: Combretaceae), and Leucas aspera (Family: Labiatae) have been selected for their potential nephroprotective properties. To investigate the anti-urolithiatic activity of methanolic extracts of Nelumbo nucifera (NNE), Anogeissus latifolia (ALE), Leucas aspera (LAE), and a polyherbal formulation (PHF) in ethylene glycol-induced nephrolithiasis in rats.

Methods: The methanolic extracts of Nelumbo nucifera (NNE), Anogeissus latifolia (ALE), and Leucas aspera (LAE) were administered at a dose of 500 mg/kg, while a polyherbal formulation (PHF) was given at 200 mg/kg to rats. Ethylene glycol (0.75%) was used to induce urolithiasis in the experimental model. Cystone served as the standard drug for comparison. The statistical significance of the results was assessed with a threshold set at P < 0.001.

Result: In this studies, carbohydrates, flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids, and cardiac glycosides were screened according to the pharmacognostic studies. Urinary and serum parameters were decreased and lowered by the administration of poly herbal extracts Formulations of Nelumbo nucifera, Anogeissus latifolia, and Leucas aspera, etc. Before and after treating with NAL and rise of the volume of urine quantity with cystone has been increased at a significant level which is of (P<0.05). It is observed that there is rapid downfall and lowered levels of phosphate and calcium levels in urine output serum concentration levels which is of (P<0.05). Parallelly, a rise in the magnesium composition occurs in before and after treated NAL urolithiatic induced rats. NAL significantly makes better (P<0.05) of serum levels of creatinine-urine, uric acid and urea contained concentration levels. However, before and after treated urolithiatic induced rats with NAL reduces rapidly (P<0.05) with a significant level of BUN, LDH, LPO, ALP compounds with urolithiatic rats. 

Conclusion: In the experimental studies, the low doses of both drugs demonstrate normal architecture of the glomerulus and a normal recovery of cells and tissues in the tubules. Both high doses of extracts show recovery and normal architecture of the glomerulus. The tubules were showing normal architecture and recovery. Methanolic forms of Nelumbo nucifera, Anogeissus latifolia, and Leucas aspera tend to have an anti-urolithic action can be exerted by inhibiting the stone formation followed by damage to the internal surfaces of the renal tubules of bowman’s capsule and glomerulus in the kidneys. Thus, it can be enhanced that the recovery and growth of the cells and tissues can be seen with the replacement of degenerative and necrotic areas in the renal system. NAL has an anti-calcification and nephrolithiatic action which can be due to its property to eliminate pre-existing calculi and stone contents and also to eradicate the production and genesis of an additional calcium oxalate residues. It is by the agonist action which seems to be by phytochemical constituents that can be enhanced by mixed formulation principle in order to treat with urolithiatic induced rats.