Neuroprotective Effects of Natural Plant Extracts in Parkinson’s Disease Models: A Meta-Analysis

Abstract

This study performs a meta-analysis of the neuroprotective advantages supplied by natural plant extracts, putting considerable focus on Ginkgo biloba, Curcuma longa, and Withania somnifera, as tested in diverse PD models. The principal ways in which these substances function have been identified as antioxidant activity, anti-inflammatory effects, and the modulation of neurotransmitter levels. Curcuma longa and Ginkgo biloba each showed remarkable antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, and Curcuma longa, in particular, reduced oxidative stress and inflammation via curcumin-mediated neuroprotection. The management of mitochondrial function and the balance of neurotransmitters has indicated neuroprotective features associated with Withania somnifera. Despite successful results in preclinical research, the leap to clinical implementation is challenging due to difficulties with bioavailability and the requirement for standardized extracts. This article highlights the potential therapeutic benefits of natural extracts such as PD-supportive treatments, but it also emphasizes the need for more studies—clinical studies in particular—to determine these extracts' effectiveness in treating human populations.