Biomarker Profiling of Nitrosative Stress and Inflammation in Early Detection and Prognosis of Coronary Artery Disease

Abstract

Background: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the leading cause of morbidity and death worldwide. For effective treatment and improved outcomes, early detection and accurate prediction are crucial.

This study looks into the possibility of the nitrosative stress marker 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT) and the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) as biomarkers for the early diagnosis and prognosis of CAD.

Materials & Methods: The Institutional Ethics Committee of Genetika granted ethical approval for the conduct of this case-control study. Seventy subjects confirmed with CAD were selected from the Hridayalaya & Lords Hospitals of Thiruvananthapuram, between August 2023 and August 2024. By employing ELISA methods, the levels of the inflammatory marker (Interleukin-6) and the Nitrosative stress marker (3-Nitrotyrosine) were evaluated. 3-Nitrotyrosine & IL-6 were found to be elevated.

Statistical Analysis: The distribution of the CAD cases under the subcategories was compared using the Chi-squared test. The sensitivity of 3-nitrotyrosine and IL-6 was evaluated by plotting the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC).

Results: When CAD patients were compared to controls, their levels of 3-NT and IL-6 were significantly higher (p < 0.05).

Conclusions: According to the study, IL-6 and 3-NT are viable biomarkers for the early diagnosis and prognosis of CAD.