Recent Advances in Caries Risk Assessment: A Review

Abstract

Effectively controlling and preventing dental caries requires precise risk assessment. Several tests, including the Snyder, Alban, swab, reductase, and Oricult tests, evaluate microbial activity and acid production, highlighting the significant role of the various microorganisms in the emergence of dental caries. The salivary buffer capacity test and various salivary tests, such as salivary reductase, Dentobuff, viscosity, and flow rate tests, evaluate the ability of saliva to protect against acid attacks. Advanced instruments like Cariogram, CAT, and CAMBRA integrate behavioral, microbiological, and clinical data to provide comprehensive risk assessments and help create customized preventive strategies. Other methods used to determine enamel strength and early cavity diagnosis include the Fosdisk calcium dissolution test, Dewar test, critical visual examination, and fluoride level monitoring. The function of bacteria in cavity formation is assessed by the intraoral cariogenicity test, and prior cavity experience is a valid predictor of future susceptibility. Electrical impedance is used by the Vanguard Electronic Caries Detector to identify early demineralization. When used in tandem, these methods enable detailed and individual assessments of cavity risk, which facilitates the development of targeted interventions and preventative measures. This comprehensive approach to caries risk assessment ensures early detection and effective treatment of dental caries, improving oral health outcomes. tooth professionals can enhance their preventive and treatment strategies by integrating different diagnostic instruments and techniques, which will ultimately reduce the incidence and consequences of tooth cavities.