Clinicopathological Studies on Rats Exposed to Municipal Landfill Gaseous and Particulate Emissions

Abstract

The study assessed the Clinicopathological changes of Wistar rats exposed to municipal landfill gaseous particulate emissions. 
Four groups of Wistar rats were exposed to the different sites of landfill emission with use of filters for filtering landfill gaseous 
emission while the control group was not exposed. Performance of the animals was evaluated weekly, blood and lung, liver, 
kidney and heart tissues were taken for haematological and histopatholgical examinations. At the end of six weeks exposure, the 
peak weight was recorded as 108.96±0.45 of Group B as compared to 126.352±0.88 of the Control Group, as well as the decrease 
in the body weight of Group A-D compared to the Control Group. There was leucocytosis, lymphocytosis and neutrophilia in the 
rats that were exposed to landfill emission. There were pulmonary, hepatic, and renal lesions while the heart was spared. Changes 
were observed on the use of filters for filtering landfill gaseous emission. The 3M 6001 CN Gas Mask Carnister Cartridge which 
filters 50% of landfill emission together with black polythene nylon restricting external air into the filtered cage was not sufficient 
to reduce the effect of landfill gaseous emission at the end of the exposure period. The screening with PM2.5 material which 
filters 100% of PM2.5 emission was only able to screen PM2.5 emission but could not screen other landfill gaseous emission. 
This indicates that landfill gaseous emission is capable of inducing respiratory problems and tissue damage on dumpsite workers 
if there is sufficient and continuous exposure to landfill gaseous emissions. To prevent the hazard that may arose from dumpsite 
activities; gas nose mask respirator is recommended for an individual who works as scavengers and landfill workers before 
entering the dumpsite environment.